ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Recent advancements in organic chemosensors for the detection of Pb²⁺: a review

Hamed M. Al-Saidi

Department of Chemistry, University College in Al–Jamoum, Umm Al–Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

E-mail: hmsaidi@uqu.edu.sa

Received: 10 January 2023  Accepted: 15 April 2023

Abstract:

Lead (Pb) is an abundant heavy metal with various applications in the modern and industrialized world, like its utilization in pigments, gasoline, batteries, etc. Their pollution is a severe threat and persisting problems to the living organisms, especially to human health. Chronic exposure to lead causes various health problems like cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, reproductive diseases, and hypertension, even at very low levels. Keeping in view the above-mentioned health risk associated with lead poisoning, it is of prime importance to detect and determine it in various environmental and biological specimens. Various protocols are available for detecting and determining Pb²⁺ ions, including the most powerful, sensitive and convenient colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors tool. In this paper, we discussed recent advancements in the development of colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors such as pyridine, Schiff bases, thiourea, porphyrin, pyrene, thiophene, imidazophenazine, perylene tetracarboxylic, quinoline, phenanthroline, phenazine and polydiacetylene for the detection of Pb²⁺, explained their chemosensing design, characteristics application and their sensing modes for recognition of Pb²⁺ ions. We hope this review article will help the researchers to design highly selective, sensitive and efficient fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for Pb²⁺ ion detection.

Keywords: Lead; Pigments; Reproductive; Chemosensor; Medicine; Hypertension

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02836-x

Chemical Papers 77 (9) 4807–4822 (2023)