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ISSN print edition: 0366-6352
ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075
Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7
Published monthly
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Ultrasound-assisted cooling crystallization of ciprofloxacin using ultrasonic horn
Yagna S. Hirpara and Parag R. Gogate
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
E-mail: pr.gogate@ictmumbai.edu.in
Received: 21 March 2024 Accepted: 1 June 2024
Abstract: Ciprofloxacin is an essential oral fluoroquinolone drug used in various bacterial infection diseases. For any pharmaceutical drug, crystallization is an important step to decide the final crystal size and any deviations result in problems in downstream processing. Ultrasound-assisted cooling crystallization of ciprofloxacin has been targeted in the current work to control the crystallization and produce smaller crystals than the conventional process. An in-depth study into the effect of operating parameters revealed that the optimized ultrasound parameters of 80 W as the ultrasonic power, 80% duty cycle, and three irradiation cycles produced the best results with 2.90 µm as average particle size and 87.98% as the obtained yield. Conventional batch crystallization of ciprofloxacin resulted in a higher average particle size of 4.86 µm and 86.85% as the obtained yield. The characterization studies elucidated that there is no change in chemical structure after the ultrasound treatment and the crystal morphology is also unaltered. The overall outcome suggested intensification benefits of applying ultrasound to the cooling crystallization of ciprofloxacin.
Keywords: Ciprofloxacin; Crystallization; Ultrasound; Particle size; Crystal morphology
Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.
DOI: 10.1007/s11696-024-03549-5
Chemical Papers 78 (11) 6483–6498 (2024)
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