ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Fabrication of graphene oxide-modified chitosan hydrogels for profiling antibiotic residues and metabolic regularity in mice through solid-phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography

Duanmin Gao, Guoqing Zhang, Taojie Yao, Minzhe Cui, Xiaohan Chen, Junchao Xia, Zhenyu Ma, Xinmeng Li, and Panhong Niu

Biomedical Sciences College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China

E-mail: niupanhong@sdfmu.edu.cn

Received: 24 July 2024  Accepted: 7 December 2024

Abstract:

The accurate quantitative detection of trace antibiotics in the complex biological sample is of great significance for the investigation of drug residues and metabolism. A graphene oxide-modified chitosan hydrogel (GO-CMCS) was meticulously fabricated and explored the antibiotic residues and metabolic regularity of antibiotics (enrofloxacin and tetracycline) in mice using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique in conjunction with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The GO-CMCS hydrogel was prepared by GO incorporate into CMCS hydrogel via Schiff base reaction displaying a plated structure with voids primarily composed of microporous and mesoporous structure, facilitating the adsorption of trace amounts of antibiotics. Under the optimized conditions, GO-CMCS-based SPE-UHPLC method affords the low limits (0.26–0.74 ng/mL), satisfactory spiked assay recoveries (83.10–88.00%) with all relative standard deviation values less than 6.74%. Then the adsorption mechanisms of antibiotics were investigated by utilizing the isothermal adsorption model, kinetic model, and intra-particle diffusion model. After intravenous administration of two antibiotics, mice in vivo exhibited different drug metabolism regularity, the concentration of tetracycline increased from 0.457 to 0.663 μg/mL before 30 min and then continuously decreased, but the concentration of enrofloxacin quickly dropped from 1.643 to 0.061 μg/mL during from 10 to 150 min. The antibiotic residues and metabolic regularity in mice were successfully detected by established method.

Keywords: Antibiotics; Chitosan hydrogel; Graphene oxide; Solid-phase extraction; Biometabolism

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-024-03857-w

Chemical Papers 79 (2) 1249–1261 (2025)