ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

On-demand hydrogen production and storage via the aluminum–water reaction: a strategic evaluation

Demiral Akbar and Dogukan Unal

Department of Mechanical Engineering, OSTİM Technical University, OSTİM, Ankara, Türkiye

E-mail: demiral.akbar@ostimteknik.edu.tr

Received: 27 February 2025  Accepted: 8 July 2025

Abstract:

The aluminum–water reaction provides an innovative approach for on-demand hydrogen production and storage, addressing limitations of conventional methods like compressed gas and liquid hydrogen. This study combines theoretical analysis and experimental validation, demonstrating a continuous feeding reactor system that achieved 96% of theoretical hydrogen yield (896 L from 600 g of aluminum). The system’s gravimetric (3.35 wt.%) and volumetric (47.3 g-H₂/L) capacities highlight its potential for compact and portable applications. Experimental results confirm safe and efficient hydrogen generation under ambient conditions, with recyclable byproducts aligning with circular economy principles. Comparative analysis with existing storage technologies shows superior volumetric efficiency and field applicability. While water dependency and moderate gravimetric efficiency remain challenges, water recovery and hybrid approaches are proposed solutions. This study underscores the scalability and sustainability of aluminum–water technology, paving the way for deployable hydrogen energy systems.

Keywords: Aluminum–water reaction; Hydrogen production; Hydrogen storage; Volumetric capacity; Environmental sustainability; Circular economy; Hybrid storage approaches

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04238-7

Chemical Papers 79 (10) 6975–6983 (2025)