ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

M-polynomials characterization n-dimensional of triphenylene-based metal and covalent organic frameworks

Ali N. A. Koam, Abdulaziz Mutlaq Alotaibi, Ali Ahmad, Muhammad Faisal Nadeem, and Ibtisam Masmali

Department of Mathematics , College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

E-mail: akoum@jazanu.edu.sa

Received: 20 April 2025  Accepted: 26 July 2025

Abstract:

Recent advances in porous, nanoscale two-dimensional materials have highlighted their exceptional potential in various scientific fields, including energy storage, gas capture, and molecular transport. Among these materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered considerable interest due to their tunable porosity, large surface areas, and ability to form hybrid structures with enhanced functionalities. In this study, we systematically analyze the structural properties of these frameworks through topological indices derived from M-polynomials. The indices considered include Zagreb, Randic, symmetric division, forgotten, harmonic, inverse sum, and both third and fifth symmetric division indices. We apply this framework to two n-dimensional hexatriphenylene-based networks, one metal–organic and the other covalent, and perform a comparative analysis of the resulting M-polynomial-based indices to reveal their structural characteristics and offer insights into their chemical behavior.

Keywords: M-polynomials; Metal–organic framework; Covalent framework; Topological indices

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04277-0

Chemical Papers 79 (11) 7643–7656 (2025)