ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Current status and outlook of Zr, ZrO₂, and ZrS₂ quantum dots: a review

Vinodhini Subramaniyam, Nandhakumar Eswaramoorthy, and Janarthanan Balasundaram

Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts, Science, Commerce and Management, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India

E-mail: vinonano@srec.ac.in

Abstract:

Zirconium, a remarkable member of the transition metal family, is recognized for its exceptional stability, corrosion resistance, and toughness. In the form of quantum dots (QDs), zirconium has attracted significant attention for its diverse applications, including photovoltaics, sensors, light-emitting diodes, water splitting, supercapacitors, and biomedical uses. Recent research has focused on QDs based on metallic zirconium (Zr), zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂), and zirconium disulfide (ZrS₂). These Zr-based QDs largely retain the crystal structures of their bulk forms, with the most notable change in their bandgap, which affects optical and electronic properties. The increased surface-to-volume ratio of QDs enhances photocatalytic activity, sensitivity, ionic diffusion, and electrochemical performance in energy conversion and storage systems. This review highlights the properties, preparation methods, and wide-ranging applications of pristine and hybrid Zr-based QDs. Additionally, it explores their potential for use in emerging technologies, such as transistors, lasers, biomedical imaging, and batteries.

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Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04562-y

Chemical Papers 80 (4) 3277–3304 (2026)