ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Graph theoretical investigation of starphene and stellated starphene using distance based indices

Haseeb Ahmad, Muhammad Farhan Hanif, Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui, A. K. Aljahdali, and Muhammad Aamer Rashid

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Grand Asian University, Sialkot, Pakistan

E-mail: Haseeb.ahmad@leads.edu.pk

Received: 11 November 2025  Accepted: 26 December 2025

Abstract:

Graph theory is an essential tool within theoretical chemistry, and the subdiscipline of chemical graph theory applies graph-theoretical ideas to understand structure and reactivity in chemical systems. In this paper, we calculate and compare some distance-based topological indices on the Starphene and Stellated Starphene molecular graphs. Indices considered are the Wiener index, multiplicative Wiener index, hyper-Wiener index, and Harary index, which account for structural properties as well as chemical reactivity of these molecules. We used MATLAB to compute these indices and represented distance and adjacency matrices. The results enrich our knowledge of the structural characteristics and applications of Starphene and Stellated Starphene graphs in chemical graph theory.

Keywords: Graph theory; Chemical graph theory; Starphene; Stellated Starphene; Topological indices

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04624-1

Chemical Papers 80 (4) 3441–3451 (2026)