ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Electroanalytical performance of a CuCr₂O₄/rGO hybrid film for paracetamol determination on a glassy carbon electrode

Khush bakht, Meznah M. Alanazi, Ali El-Rayyes, Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen, Eman Alzahrani, and Reda A. Haggam

Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, Pakistan

E-mail: pharmacist4171@gmail.com

Received: 10 February 2026  Accepted: 29 March 2026

Abstract:

This research indicates the fabrication of a nanocomposite consisting of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and copper chromite (CuCr₂O₄) by hydrothermal process. The morphology and structure of CuCr₂O₄/rGO composite were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). For electrochemical studies, paracetamol (PAR) detection was performed by a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with CuCr₂O₄/rGO, leveraging the synergistic properties of both components. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave Voltammetry (SWV) measurements revealed high oxidation peaks for PAR, shows the sensor’s effectiveness. The suggested electrode demonstrates outstanding electrochemical activity for PAR. Under ideal conditions, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.19 µM and 0.049 µM was obtained within the dynamic range of 5–30 µM and 2–15 µM for PAR. This electrode exhibited exceptional stability and sensitivity, rendering it suitable for the investigation of diverse actual pharmaceutical samples.

Keywords: CuCr2O4/rGO; Cyclic Voltammetry (CV); Limit of Detection (LOD); Linear range; Paracetamol

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-04857-8

Chemical Papers 80 (7) 7823–7835 (2026)