ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Photon-mediated synthesis of triazole and tetrazole derivatives: an ecofriendly approach

Shivangi Jaiswal, Jaya Dwivedi, and Swapnil Sharma

Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, India

E-mail: jayadwivedi@yahoo.co.in

Received: 20 November 2025  Accepted: 10 March 2026

Abstract:

Triazoles and tetrazoles are five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles with versatile applications in industry and medicinal chemistry. In green, eco-friendly organic synthesis, photocatalysis has emerged as an important tool for organic transformations, leveraging clean energy sources. This review highlights recent reports (2016–2025) on the photo-mediated synthesis of five-membered nitrogen heterocycles, specifically triazole and tetrazole derivatives, using UV (ultraviolet) light, Visible light and sunlight. The discussion of photocatalysis provides useful insights for a wide range of readers, from organic to medicinal chemists, on how to synthesize complex heterocycles in a sustainable and cost-effective manner.

Graphical abstract

Keywords: N-heterocycles; Synthesis; Triazole; Tetrazole; Photocatalyst

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-026-04800-x

Chemical Papers 80 (8) 8407–8429 (2026)