ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Production of bio-dicalcium phosphate from by-product of processing of catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) filet

Kien-Quoc Le, Lien-Huong Huynh, Bich-Thuyen Nguyen Thi, Viet Nhan-Hoa Nguyen, Nam Nghiep Tran, and Quoc-Phong Ho

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam

E-mail: hqphong@ctu.edu.vn

Received: 4 November 2024  Accepted: 29 April 2025

Abstract:

Bio-dicalcium phosphate (BDCP) is a natural source of calcium that can be extracted from biological sources such as catfish bones, a by-product of catfish. The huge amount of fish bone generated from the processing of catfish in Vietnam is a potential source for bio-calcium. The production of BDCP from this by-product can increase its value. Catfish bones collected from the factory were stewed and treated with NaOH solution to remove organic impurities. The pre-treated catfish bones were then calcined and ground to fine powder before converting to dicalcium phosphate. Important factors affecting the conversion including H₃PO₄ concentration, FBP concentration in H₃PO₄ solution, precipitation pH, reaction time, and reaction temperature were investigated. XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TGA were employed to characterize the BDCP products. BDCP with high purity was obtained at H₃PO₄ 3 M, FBP concentration in H₃PO₄ of 80 g L⁻¹, pH 5, reaction time 60 min at 60 °C. The product exhibited a notably high crystallinity (> 96%) with particle sizes, ranging from 1 to 3 μm, and crystal sizes of approximately 8 nm. Elemental profiles analysis revealed that the product contains not only a high percentage of calcium and phosphorus but also other essential minerals. The process can be claimed as a viable method for acquiring premium-grade bio-calcium.

Graphical abstract

Keywords: Biomineralization; Bone Calcium Homeostasis; Calcium and phosphate metabolic disorders; Calcium-based cement; Calcium; Sugar Phosphate; Bio-dicalcium phosphate; Catfish bones; Hydroxyapatite; Pangasianodon hypophthalmus; Mineral-based biomaterials

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04104-6

Chemical Papers 79 (8) 5039–5050 (2025)