ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Exploring degree-based topological co-indices and statistical analysis for Titanium Diboride Network

Atef F. Hashem, W. Eltayeb Ahmed, Rimsha Saher, Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui, and Muhammad Farhan Hanif

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

E-mail: affaragalla@imamu.edu.sa

Received: 27 June 2025  Accepted: 12 August 2025

Abstract:

We examine degree-based topological co-indices in this paper for the network of titanium diboride \((TiB_2)\) and statistically analyze them. We examine complexity, connectedness, and stability in the network of \((TiB_2)\) using mathematical and computational techniques to identify important co-indices, such as ABC, GA, HM, and other polynomial-based indices. To determine the molecular and structural properties of materials, topological co-indices are needed. The paper emphasizes the relevance of these indices to materials science by examining deeper into correlations between them and the physical properties of \((TiB_2)\). The network’s topological structure for titanium diboride can be better explained because of statistical distribution and numerical comparison among these indices. Our results promote computational material design by demonstrating the effectiveness of degree-based topological co-indices in predicting material behaviors.

Keywords: Indices of topology; Diboride of titanium; Index based on degrees; Statistical evaluation; Science of computational materials; Descriptors of molecules

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04367-z

Chemical Papers 79 (12) 9003–9024 (2025)