ISSN print edition: 0366-6352
ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075
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Blue–red emissive π-conjugated push–pull derivatives: investigation of photophysical including AIE activity, electrochemical and theoretical properties

Sandeep E. Jadhav, Pooja S. Singh, Balaji R. Madje, Sajeev Chacko, and Rajesh M. Kamble

Department of Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya Aurangabad (MS), Aurangabad, India

Received: 26 November 2024 Accepted: 24 September 2025

Abstract:

Abstract

π-extended push–pull derivatives are synthesized in three steps and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The study investigated includes photophysical, aggregation-induced emission (AIE), electrochemical and theoretical properties concerning slight changes in the structure of dyes. The push–pull framework in dyes reflected by 355–378 nm absorption is often called intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition. Dyes show a broad-range, i.e. blue (λ_emi = 431–462 nm) to red (λ_emi = 530–605 nm), emission obtained from locally excited (LE), twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and excimer state. With the increasing solvent polarity, the stabilization of the TICT state offers a change in the state of emission from excimer to TICT. Dyes show aggregation-induced emission (AIE) activity, good Stokes shift (3380–5020 cm⁻¹ and 7980–11200 cm⁻¹) and thermal stability (309–348 (324–400) °C for 5(10) % weight loss). The comparable LUMO (− 2.95 to − 3.30 eV) energies with electron-transporting reported materials signify various roles of dyes in organic electronics. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) study is used to validate the formation of nanoaggregate in THF–H₂O mixture of dye 3. Theoretical optoelectrochemical results obtained via density functional theory (DFT) are in correlation with the experimental data.

Graphical abstract

Keywords: Push–pull feature; Charge transfer transition; Blue–red emission; Aggregation-induced emission; Electron-transporting material

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04407-8

Chemical Papers 80 (1) 517–539 (2026)

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