ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Alkaline earth metal (Ca, Sr)-organic frameworks (MOFs) in orthopedic conditions management

A. Perivolaris, S. Galanakos, N. Xamonaki, and D. Pavlos

Digital Tutoring Center of the Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs - Directorate of Secondary Education, Athens, Greece

E-mail: alex_perivo@hotmail.com

Abstract:

This mini-review provides a critical evaluation of calcium-based metal–organic frameworks (Ca-MOFs) and heterometallic Ca/Sr-MOFs, emphasizing their potential in therapeutic delivery and their role in bone regeneration, mediated by multifaceted modulation of bone biology and remodeling. Although these frameworks display favorable properties such as structural versatility, low cytotoxicity, and intrinsic bioactivity, their actual translational potential has not been sufficiently clarified. Here, we highlight how Ca- and Ca/Sr-MOFs differ from other bioactive MOFs: in vitro studies consistently demonstrate their ability to stimulate mineralization and support drug release, yet convincing in vivo validation remains scarce. By analyzing synthetic strategies, stability and solubility profiles, as well as the role of specific ligands with osteogenic relevance, this review identifies both the strengths and the unresolved challenges of these systems. The unique contribution of this work lies in distinguishing genuine opportunities for Ca/Sr-MOFs in bone tissue engineering from overstated claims, thereby outlining realistic directions for future research toward clinically relevant applications.

Graphical abstract

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04467-w

Chemical Papers 80 (2) 1073–1093 (2026)