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A review on impact of eco-conscious materials and processes on the photovoltaic performance of solar cells

Arushi Upneja, Kirandeep Kaur, and Nidhi Gupta

Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, India

Received: 18 September 2025 Accepted: 23 October 2025

Abstract:

This review examines the impact of eco-conscious materials and sustainable fabrication processes on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. Emphasizing the integration of green chemistry principles, it explores environmentally friendly approaches such as the green synthesis of semiconductor materials like zinc oxide, the utilization of biodegradable and renewable solvents, and the incorporation of natural dyes derived from plant sources. The Green synthesis approach is discussed in it as a effective strategies to minimize environmental hazards by eliminating toxic reagents and reducing energy consumption. Likewise, the use of biodegradable solvents offers a safer and more sustainable alternative to conventional organic solvents during DSSC fabrication. Natural dyes, owing to their renewability and biodegradability, are highlighted as viable substitutes for synthetic dyes, contributing to the overall eco-friendly design of solar cells. The review further analyzes how these sustainable materials and processes influence key photovoltaic parameters, including efficiency, stability, and energy conversion performance. By integrating eco-conscious materials and green fabrication methods, this study underscores the significant potential of sustainable innovations in advancing cleaner, safer, and more environmentally responsible solar energy technologies.

Keywords: Dye-Sensitized solar cells; Green synthesis; Zinc oxide; Natural dyes; Biodegradable solvents

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04476-9

Chemical Papers 80 (2) 1095–1120 (2026)

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