Development of a deep eutectic solvent based matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction method for the determination of sudan dyes in food samplesChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
E-mail: ozdalelif@beun.edu.tr Received: 8 November 2025 Accepted: 29 December 2025 Abstract: In this work, a sensitive deep eutectic solvent based matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the determination of Sudan dyes in food samples. First, the alumina used as a dispersing material and the sample were thoroughly mixed and homogenized in a mortar, then poured into a syringe used as a column. Subsequently, a deep eutectic solvent with high solvation power and environmentally friendly properties, composed of N,N-dimethylacetamide used for the first time in this study as a hydrogen bond acceptor and thymol as a hydrogen bond donor, was employed to elute the Sudan dyes from the sample. The parameters affecting the extraction process were identified and examined individually. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the extraction recovery of Sudan dyes was found to range between 77.9 and 91.4%. The calibration curves were found to be linear between 0.015 and 5 µg/g for Sudan I, II and III and 0.025–5 µg/g for Sudan IV, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9985. The optimized method was validated for all Sudan dyes at three different concentrations with relative standard deviations < 3.7%. The limit of detection ranged from 0.002 to 0.007 µg/g. The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of Sudan dyes in food samples. Keywords: Sudan dyes; Deep eutectic solvent; Matrix solid phase dispersion microextraction; Food samples Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com. DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04633-0
Chemical Papers 80 (2) 2005–2016 (2026) |
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